Stable vinyl resins and process of making the same



' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STABLE VINYL RESINS AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Charles 0. Young and Stuart D. Douglas, Charleston, W. Va., assignors to Carbide & Carbon ghelinicals Corporation, a corporation of New No Drawing. Application March :28, 1931, Serial No. 526.123

10 Claims (01.23-250) This invention relates to stable vinyl poly- Substances such as acetanilide, nitro naphmerization products, hereinafter referred to as thylamineand related compounds are not desirvinyl resins, and to the process of making these able because of the acidic acetate or nitro groups,

stable vinyl resins. similarly, compounds containing oxidizing groups It is well known that vinyl compoundsmay be are also unsuitable. caused to polymerize yielding resinous masses of The following examples are illustrative of the considerable value. It is also known that mixinvention:

tures of two or more vinyl compounds may be 1. Two hundred sixty pounds of vinyl chloride,

conjointly polymerized yielding a substance which 65 pounds of vinyl acetate, 325 pounds of toluene is unlike the singly polymerized compounds, or and 1.62 pounds of benzoyl peroxide are heated 'mixtures of the individual polymers. in a lead-lined autoclave with continual agitation These resinous bodies are adapted to a wide at 70 C. A lively reaction occurs which abates variety f uses, They may be dissolved and emafter a few hours. The mass within the autoployed as lacquers, paints, adhesives and the like, clave is now found to consist of a thick, v c or they may be used in the solid state for the liquid. The unp lymerized vinyl compounds are preparation of molding compounds and plastics r m v d y d st l ati n i va u a d 3 pounds of a i kinds, of pure triethanolamine are added and the mix- Vinyl resins heretofore produced have been ture is thoroughly agitated. The resin solution unsatisfactory, in some respects, due to the fact thus stabilized is now.ready for blending with that they are relatively unstable. In general suitable solvents for use as a heat and exposure these resins are affected by light or heat, te dresistant lacquer. If a dry solid resin is desired, ing to become brittle, discolored and otherwise it y b P p r d y evaporating most of the deteriorated. We have discovered that vinyl toluene and adding the resin containing solution resins may be rendered stable by the methods to a large quantity of a liguid, such as methanol herein described. or pentane, in which the resin is not soluble. A In general, our invention comprises the inpowder of .the resin will be precipitated which corporation of small amounts of substances havmay be recovered by filtration and dryin ing basic properties and which do not include in II. Two hundred sixty pounds of V yl 11 their composition any acid-forming or oxidizing ride, 390 pounds of toluene and 1.8 pounds of groups, with vinyl resins to render them entirely benzoyl peroxide are heated to h n a-leadstable. We may effect this addition before, durlined autoclave with continual agitation at 70 C. ing or after the polymerization, but we prefer At the end of the reaction, duri g which a thick, to add the stabilizing substance to the polyviscous liquid is obtained, the unpolymerized vinyl merized resinous mass, inasmuch as some ba ic chloride is distilled off. To the resultant mixstabilizing substances may reduce the efllciency tul'e 15 added Pound of m y ne etraof the polymerization reaction. 'For instance, mine. and the whole is thorou hly agitated- The ammonia seriously inhibits the catalytic action mixture containin h s abilized resin is then of benzoyl peroxide in the polymeri tion of poured into pentane and the resin is precipitated vinyl compounds. as a white powder. This solid resin is .of value as The invention is not restricted to any partica heat resistant plastic. ular means of adding the stabilizer. It may be n hundred eighty P n of vinyl chloadded to the resin in solution or in the presence Tide, 120 Pounds of Vinyl acetate, 300 p nds of of a liquid which .is not a solvent for the resin. toluene and pounds of n yl p r xide are The stabilizing substance, also, may be dd d to heated for 24 hours in a lead-lined autoclave with the dry resin in the solid form, as for example 11; continual agitation at 70 C. A viscous liquid is may be added to the resin while the latter is beobtained, from wh the unreflcted vinyl coming rolled and compounded for use as a plastic, pounds are removed by distillation in vacuo. The Substances which we have found to be useful solution of resin is then thoroughly agitated with stabilizers include basic amino substances, such as the a n f p un f aniline. The-soluvarious hydroxyalkylamines, hexamethylenetettion of stabilized resin thus obtained may be ramine and aryl or alkyl amines in general. Inblended with suitable solvents for use as a heat organic basic compounds, such as alkaline earth and exposure resistant paint or lacquer. metal and heavy metal oxides and carbonates; .IV. ,A dry resin prepared by the procedure deammonia and other basic substances related to scribed in Exampl 1 II. but-which. is not stathe above compounds may be used. bilized, is rolled on a differentialroll preparatory to being compounded for use as a plastic. Steam .of 40-50 pounds. While the resin is thus being heated-and rolled, 0.2% its weight of hexamethylenetetramine is added and thoroughly admixed with the resin. The resultant resin is resistant to deterioration when subjected to heat, and is valuable as a molding plastic.

The invention is not restricted tothe specific procedure or proportions of substances as set forth above, but includes within its scope the use of basic substances, particularly ammonia and organic derivatives of ammonia, as stabilizing substances for vinyl polymerization products, particularly those formed from vinyl halides, vinyl esters of aliphatic acids, or mixtures including these vinyl compounds.

We claim:

1. Heat and exposure resistant polymerization products of vinyl compounds of the group consisting of vinyl halides, vinyl esters of aliphatic acids and mixtures thereof which contain a stabilizing substance having basic properties and which is free from acid-forming and from oxidizing groups.

2. Heat and exposure resistant polymerization products of a plurality of vinyl esters including vinyl halides and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids which contain a stabilizing substance comprising a basic substitution product of ammonia which is free from acid-forming and from oxidizing groups.

3. Heat and exposure resistant polymerization products of a plurality of vinyl esters including vinyl halides and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids which contain a basic stabilizing substance which is free from acid-forming and from oxidizing groups.

4. A heat and exposure resistant polymerization product of a plurality, of vinyl esters including vinyl halides and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids containing less than about 3 of a hydroxyalkylamine.

5. A heat and exposure resistant polymerization product of a plurality of vinyl esters including vinyl halides and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids containing less than about 3% of hexamethylenetetramine.

6. Process for preparing heat and exposure resistant polymerization products of vinyl compounds which comprises polymerizing vinyl compounds selected from the group consisting of vinyl halides, vinyl esters of aliphatic acids and mixtures thereof to form a resin, separating the resin 5 so obtained from unpolymerized vinyl compounds and incorporating therewith a stabilizing substance having basic properties and which is free from acid-forming and from oxidizing groups.

7. Process for preparing heat and exposure resistant polymerization products of vinyl compounds which comprises polymerizing vinyl compounds selected from the group consisting of vinyl halides, vinyl esters of aliphatic acids and mixtures thereof to form a resin, separatingthe resin soobtained'from unpolymerized vinyl compounds and incorporating therewith a stabilizing substance comprising a basic substitution product of ammonia which is free from acid-forming and from oxidizing groups.

8. Process for preparing heat and exposure resistant polymerization products of vinyl esters which comprises conjointly polymerizing a plurality of vinyl esters including vinyl halides and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids to form a resin, separating unpolymerized vinyl compounds from the resin so prepared and incorporating therewith a stabilizing substance which is basic and which is free from acid-forming and from oxidizing groups.

9. A process for preparing heat and exposure resistant polymerization products of a plurality of vinyl esters which comprises polymerizing vinyl esters including vinyl halides and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids to form a resin, separating the resin so obtained from unpolymerized vinyl compounds and incorporating therewith less than about 3% of a hydroxyalkylamine.

10. A process for preparing heat and exposure resistant polymerization products of a plurality of vinyl esters which comprises polymerizing vinyl esters including vinyl halides and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids to form a resin, separating the resin so obtained from unpolymerized vinyl com pounds and incorporating therewith less than about 3% of hexamethylenetetramine.

CHARLES O. YOUNG. STUART D. DOUGLAS. 

